We present an overview of current proteomics IPI-549 technologies, a review of proteomics applications in urology and a perspective on the future of proteomics in clinical medicine.
Materials and Methods: A literature search was performed on the basic concepts of proteomics and technologies commonly used in this field. Advantages, challenges and limitations of current proteomics approaches are discussed, and proteomics applications in the field of urology are presented.
Results: The proteomics approaches to answer clinical questions have only recently been introduced. Many different technologies have been used in this field which
is moving from simple description to quantitative clinical applications.
Conclusions: Proteomics offers new approaches find more to the study of genitourinary tract diseases, and the potential to identify clinically relevant biomarkers
and new therapeutic targets.”
“Neuroimaging studies done by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have provided important insights into the neurobiological basis for autism. The aim of this article is to review the current state of knowledge regarding brain abnormalities in autism. Results of structural MRI studies dealing with total brain volume, the volume of the cerebellum, caudate nucleus, thalamus, amygdala and the area of the corpus callosum are summarised. In the past 5 years also new MRI applications as functional MRI and diffusion tensor imaging brought considerable new insights in the pathophysiological mechanisms of autism. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase Dysfunctional activation in key areas of verbal and non-verbal communication, social interaction, and executive functions are revised. Finally, we also discuss white matter alterations in important communication pathways in the brain of autistic patients.”
“Purpose:
Treatment decisions for renal malignancies depend largely on qualitative data, including a description of tumor anatomy and the experience of the treating surgeon. Currently characterization of renal tumor anatomical elements is descriptive and lacks standardization. Surgical decision making and data set comparisons would be significantly enhanced by a consistent, reproducible system that quantitates the pertinent characteristics of localized renal lesions. We have developed and propose a standardized nephrometry scoring system (R.E.N.A.L. Nephrometry Score) to quantify the anatomical characteristics of renal masses on computerized tomography/magnetic resonance imaging.
Materials and Methods: The nephrometry score is based on 5 critical and reproducible anatomical features of solid renal masses. Of the 5 components 4 are scored on a 1, 2 or 3-point scale with the 5th indicating the anterior or posterior location of the mass relative to the coronal plane of the kidney. We applied the R.E.N.A.L.