The variables studied were diluent (beta cyclodextrin, X(1)), super-disintegrant (Croscarmellose sodium, X(2)), and direct compression aid (Spray dried lactose, X(3)). Tablets were prepared by HSP990 direct compression method on B2 rotary tablet press using flat plain-face punches and characterized for weight variation, thickness, disintegration time (Y(1)), and hardness (Y(2)). Disintegration time was strongly affected by quadratic terms of beta cyclodextrin, croscarmellose sodium, and spray-dried lactose. The positive value of regression coefficient for beta cyclodextrin suggested that hardness increased with increased

amount of beta cyclodextrin. In general, disintegration of tablets has been reported to slow down with increase in hardness. However in the present study, higher concentration of beta cyclodextrin was found to improve tablet hardness without increasing the disintegration time. Thus, beta cyclodextrin is proposed

as a suitable diluent to achieve fast disintegrating tablets with sufficient hardness. Good correlation between the predicted values and experimental data of the optimized formulation validated selleckchem prognostic ability of response surface methodology in optimizing fast disintegrating tablets using beta cyclodextrin as a diluent.”
“Polymer-drug conjugates have gained significant attention as pro-drugs releasing an active substance as a result of enzymatic hydrolysis in physiological environment. In this study, a conjugate find more of 3-hydroxybutyric acid oligomers with a carboxylic acid group-bearing model drug (ibuprofen) was evaluated in vivo as a potential pro-drug for parenteral administration. Two different formulations, an oily solution and an o/w emulsion were prepared and administered intramuscularly (IM) to rabbits in a dose corresponding to 40 mg of ibuprofen/kilogramme. The concentration of ibuprofen in blood plasma was analysed by HPLC,

following solid-phase extraction and using indometacin as internal standard (detection limit, 0.05 mu g/ml). No significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters (C(max), T(max), AUC) were observed between the two tested formulations of the 3-hydroxybutyric acid conjugate. In comparison to the non-conjugated drug in oily solution, the relative bioavailability of ibuprofen conjugates from oily solution, and o/w emulsion was reduced to 17% and 10%, respectively. The 3-hydroxybutyric acid formulations released the active substance over a significantly extended period of time with ibuprofen still being detectable 24 h post-injection, whereas the free compound was almost completely eliminated as early as 6 h after administration. The conjugates remained in a muscle tissue for a prolonged time and can hence be considered as sustained release systems for carboxylic acid derivatives.”
“This manuscript deals with time flow in ballistic graphene devices.