The specific productivity decreased at radiation doses less than 1.5 Gy. In contrast, the BDW yield decreased with increasing irradiation dose and energy up to 4.5 Gy and 60 MeV u-1 respectively. Figure 3D depicts the BDW and productivity of the strains with respect to Selleckchem Vorinostat different energy (45, and 60 MeV u-1) versus an irradiation dose at a LET of 120 keV μm-1. As the radiation dose (0.5–4.5 Gy) and energy (60 MeV μm-1) increased, the BDW yields decreased from 7.20 to 1.26 g L-1. However, the maximum specific productivity was measured at just 0.27 mg L-1 h-1. Further increases in radiation doses resulted in decreased BDW and specific productivity.

Brigatinib The wild type strain of D. natronolimnaea svgcc1.2736 was used in this study to substantiate the findings made with irradiated strains. Just 20 cell cultures using wild type strains were carried out. This resulted in the wild type strains displaying a higher standard deviation (Figure 3A–D) compared with the standard deviation of the 40 irradiated strains. BMN 673 cell line Throughout the study, it was observed that the BDW declined concomitantly with increasing bacterial specific productivity. The BDW dropped to its minimum when microorganism specific productivity peaked. From our findings it is evident that irradiation doses (120 keV μm-1 of LET

and 60 MeV u-1 of energy level) greater than 4.5 Gy can both damage cells and/or change cell morphology, which leads to reduced CX yields. The optimal LET, Energy and irradiation dose for the non-lethal induction of point mutations by 12C6+ ions (LET=80 keV μm-1, energy=60 MeV u-1 and dose=0.5–4.5 Gy) are also ideal for maximising CX specific productivity in D. natronolimnaea svgcc1.2736. Figure 3 4-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase Influence of different irradiation dose (energy=45,60 MeV/u) on the D. natronolimnaea svgcc1.2736 strains biomass dry weight

and productivity. (A) LET for 60 keV/μm post-irradiation, 72 hours of cultivation illustrating the effect of biomass dry weight and specific productivity. (B) LET for 80 keV/μm post-irradiation, 72 hours of cultivation illustrating the effect of biomass dry weight and specific productivity. (C) LET for 100 keV/μm post-irradiation, 72 hours of cultivation illustrating the effect of biomass dry weight and specific productivity. (D) LET for 120 keV/μm post-irradiation, 72 hours of cultivation illustrating the effect of biomass dry weight and specific productivity. Statistical evaluation and optimization of factors affecting productivity by RSM Canthaxanthin production is generally carried out through fermentation processes [48]. Because of their ease of manipulation microorganisms provide an excellent system that facilitates large-scale production of CX. Optimization of conditions favouring CX production in irradiated strains is necessary to explore their industrial possibilities [49]. This can be achieved through RSM, a type of modelling used to study the effects of simultaneous variation of several factors [50].