The brightness values of those objects are within [115, 140], Alvespimycin and area sizes are lower than 600. It is clear that brightness values and area sizes of the same foreign substance in a sequence of frames are close. As we assume the subsiding speed to be low, we use the positions of foreign substances between contiguous frames as another feature. Besides, Hu invariant moments [10] of foreign substance qualify as features for they are invariant to scale, rotation and Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries reflection.Figure 3.Distribution of brightness value and area size in a sequence of frames.3.2. Subsiding-Fast Foreign SubstancesIn contrast to the subsiding-slowly objects, the features of subsiding-fast objects are that:The density of subsiding-fast objects is relatively big, so the objects always move close to the bottom area of ampoule where bubbles hardly appear.
The shape of such object varies in frames.They stop moving rapidly, generally in 3 or 4 frames.Two contiguous Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries frames with subsiding-fast foreign substance (glass) is shown in Figure 4. It is clear that the area size and shape of glass are different in two contiguous frames, hence clustering is not effective in detecting subsiding-fast foreign substances.Figure 4.Two contiguous frames with glass. (a) Glass
Many recent studies have focused on various aspects of Intelligent Spaces (IS) [1�C3]. The IS was proposed by Lee [2] as an environmental system that is able to support humans in informative and physical ways, and as a space that contains human and artificial systems.
Thus, an IS could Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries utilize computer monitors to Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries provide information to humans, and robots could be used to provide physical services to humans as physical agents.Over the past few years, several definitions of ISs have been proposed; it is important to acknowledge the definitions that were presented in [4,5], in which Cilengitide ISs are described as spaces with many embedded and networked sensors and actuators. Their essential functions are the following: (a) to observe the space using distributed sensors; (b) to extract useful information from the obtained data; and (c) to fuse the information acquired by each sensor and to share it with other devices efficiently. Taking into account these properties, several studies [6�C8] have been devoted to set up ISs over WSNs.Over the past few years, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) [9,10] have received the attention of many researchers.
WSNs are defined [11] as networks that are composed of a large number of sensor nodes, and they can be conceived of as small computers with extremely basic interfaces and components. Each node consists of a processing unit with limited computational capability and memory, sensors, a communication device and a limited power source, usually in the form of a battery.WSNs provide perfect scenarios than for sensor collaboration for a global purpose.