Search terms included: “” pulsed dye laser,”" “” pulsed dye laser photodynamic therapy,”" and “” pulsed dye laser indications.”"

RESULTS The PDL was initially designed for cutaneous vascular disorders. Recent investigations have demonstrated successful results when treating malignant, inflammatory, viral, and collagenous conditions. Side effects, including pain, purpura, edema, and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, were mild, well tolerated, and transient.

CONCLUSIONS PDL is accepted as first- line therapy for vascular disorders including port- wine stains, telangiectasias, and hemangiomas. PDL causes selective photothermolysis of dermal vasculature. This mechanism

also allows it to be applicable for disorders of other etiologies. Recent studies suggest that the PDL may induce cytokine

expression and collagen formation, further increasing its applicability in dermatology.”
“Background: Disturbed sleep is commonly reported check details in fibromyalgia (FM). Both the Sleep Quality Numeric buy DAPT Rating Scale (NRS) and the Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale (MOS-Sleep) have demonstrated positive psychometric properties in patients with FM. However, these assessments were developed prior to the current recommendation to include patient input during the concept elicitation or item generation phases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of FM on participants, including their sleep, and to test the content validity of these two sleep measures in FM patients.

Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted

in Raleigh, North Carolina and Detroit, Michigan with 20 adults who reported a physician diagnosis of FM. Sixteen participants were female, 13 were white, and the average age was 50 years. Two researchers conducted all interviews using a structured guide.

Results: Participants consistently reported that FM had a debilitating impact on their lives and their sleep, particularly getting to sleep and staying asleep. Participants responded positively to the Sleep Quality NRS as an assessment of their sleep. The majority of participants stated that they would not change the response numbering or wording of the item’s anchors. Participants also responded positively to the 24-hour recall period of the GDC 973 Sleep Quality NRS. Participants found the 12-item MOS-Sleep to be appropriate and relevant; 19 participants indicated the measure captured all of their sleep-related symptoms. However, areas for potential modification were identified, such as the need to separate the item regarding awakening short of breath and awakening with a headache into two separate questions. Participants also questioned the relevance of the snoring and awakening short of breath items to FM. Half of participants expressed a preference for a daily rather than a weekly recall period.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates the significant impact that FM has on patients’ lives, particularly sleep.