Overweight and obese haemophilic boys should be evaluated for NAFLD Crizotinib clinical trial and interventional programmes should be designed to reduce

the potential complications associated with obesity. “
“Recent reports show a correlation between haemophilia and osteoporosis. HIV, HCV and their treatments are independently associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis. Vitamin D plays a pivotal role in bone mineralization. The aim of our study was to compare Vitamin D levels, bone metabolism markers and bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with haemophilia with or without co-infections. Seventy-eight adult patients with severe or moderate haemophilia A or B were subdivided into three groups of 26 patients each (HIV-HCV co-infected, HCV mono-infected and uninfected). The BMD was measured by dual energy Sirolimus clinical trial X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at both the femoral area (F) and lumbar spine (L). This was correlated to laboratory values and haemophilic arthropathy was assessed using validated clinical and radiological scores. The DXA showed a homogeneous F-BMD reduction in all the three groups, whereas L-BMD was significantly lower in co-infected patients (P < 0.05). The clinical score was higher in co-infected (P < 0.002) and mono-infected (P < 0.006). The radiological score was higher in mono-infected than in the other two groups (P < 0.001). Overall 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH Vit D) was reduced (87%). Bone-specific

alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP) and telopeptide were increased in co-infected (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01) and mono-infected (P < 0.001 and P < 0.02).

The result of the homogeneous F-BMD reduction in all groups could be explained by the pivotal role of arthropathy; the lower L-BMD in co-infected and the increase of b-ALP and telopeptide in co-infected and mono-infected groups suggest faster bone metabolism in case of infections. Recent evidence suggests MCE公司 a strong correlation between osteoporosis and haemophilia. The pathogenesis of low bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with haemophilia is multi-factorial and primarily includes prolonged immobilization [1, 2], lack of weight-bearing exercise [3] and an increased bone turnover mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines and osteoclastogenesis activating factors [4, 5]. Other factors such as HIV or HCV infections and their treatment may be independently associated with decreased BMD [1, 4]. Osteoporosis is a disorder characterized by both quantitative and qualitative alterations that reduce bone strength [6]. Bone densitometry measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry scan (DXA) is the current gold standard test for assessing bone mineralization [7]. Biomarkers of bone formation and resorption reflecting the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, respectively, have also been developed to increase knowledge on the bone turnover pathophysiology [8]. A pivotal and well-established role in bone mineralization is played by vitamin D.