Luteo lin reduced the production of IL 1? and TNF ? in a dose dependent www.selleckchem.com/products/MDV3100.html manner. The effect of luteolin was significant at concentrations of 0. 2 ?M with a reduction of 10. 71. 8% and 12. 32. 2% in IL 1? and TNF ? respectively. At a concentration of 50 ?M, luteolin reduced IL 1? and TNF ? production by 88% and 94% respectively. The effects of luteolin on the production of IL 1? and TNF ? remained significant after correcting for the possible effects of luteolin on cell proliferation. IFN ? at 2 IU reduced IL 1? and TNF ? production by approximately 9. 04. 1% and 12. 03. 0%, respectively. IFN ? combined with luteolin tended to reduce IL 1? and TNF ? production by a respective average of 12. 702. 8% and 15. 41. 5% across all luteolin concentrations.

Effect of luteolin upon MMP 9 production by PBMC Luteolin reduced the production of total MMP 9 released by PBMCs from MS patients in the culture supernatant in a dose dependent manner. The effects of lute olin on MMP 9 production was significant at concentra tions of 0. 2 ?M. Luteolin at a concentration of 50 ?M reduced MMP 9 production by a maximal of 98%. The effect Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries of luteolin on the reduc combination of luteolin and IFN ? tended to reduce TIMP 1 by 20. 75. 2% across all luteolin concentrations used. MMP 9TIMP 1 ratio in response to Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries luteolin Luteolin reduced the ratios of MMP 9 to TIMP 1 released in the culture supernatants. The reduction in MMP 9 TIMP 1 ratio was statistically significant at concentrations of luteolin 10 ?M. IFN ? alone had no effect on this ratio. MMP 9TIMP ratio was not different with luteolin com pared to luteolinIFN ?.

Discussion This study provides evidence that luteolin exerts beneficial immunomodulatory effect on PBMCs derived from MS patients. Luteolin, in a Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries dose dependent manner, reduced PBMC proliferation and production of several pro inflam matory mediators that are crucial in MS pathological processes. The results observed Dose dependentPHA dependentsupernatantcombination? Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries 2 tion of MMP 9 remained significant after correcting for the effect of luteolin on cell proliferation. IFN ? reduced MMP 9 production by 13. 20. 2%. 2 IU IFN ? tended to reduce MMP 9 production by an average of 7. 30. 5% across all luteolin concentra tions used. Effect of luteolin upon TIMP 1 production by PBMCs Luteolin reduced TIMP 1 production dose dependently, and this reduction was statistically significance at concen trations of luteolin 0.

2 ?M where it reduced TIMP 1 by an Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries average of 8. 55. www.selleckchem.com/products/3-deazaneplanocin-a-dznep.html 9%. Luteolin at a concentra tion of 50 ?M reduced TIMP 1 by an average of 64%. However, the effect of luteolin on TIMP 1 was not signifi cant after correcting for the possible effects of luteolin on cell proliferation. IFN ? reduced TIMP 1 production by 13. 84. 2%. The with luteolin are similar to those reported earlier for quer cetin. The reduction in production of pro inflamma tory cytokines is independent of the effects of luteolin on cell proliferation.