In a recent study where low and high GI foods were consumed Selleck CYC202 15 minutes prior to exercise LGI food

resulted in higher glucose levels at the end of exercise and performance was greater compared to a HGI food and a placebo condition [35]. However, it has to be noted that the subjects in this study were not professional athletes and an abrupt increase in the exercise intensity following a steady state exercise could not be able to reveal performance and metabolic responses accurately. This is a limitation of the present study and further research PS-341 supplier should explore performance, metabolic and β-endorphin responses in well-trained athletes with a different time trial design (i.e. continues exercise at a submaximal intensity). On the other hand, there are several studies that examined the effects of different GI foods, at different times prior to exercise, on exercise performance and substrate metabolism that suggest an improvement of exercise performance

following LGI food consumption prior to exercise [17, 36–40]. Thomas et al. [36] were amongst the first ones that expressed interest in the role of GI in sports nutrition. FG4592 In their study, participants under four different conditions received three foods of different GI and water. Each meal provided 1.0 g. kg-1 of body weight and was given 60 min prior to cycling to exhaustion at 65-67% VO2max. A significant 20 min prolonged workout was performed after consumption of the LGI foods that was accompanied by more stable glucose levels and higher free fatty acid concentration during exercise. De Marco Aldol condensation et al. [17] also showed a 59% increase in time to exhaustion after a 2-h submaximal bout in a LGI trial compared with a HGI trial accompanied by a relative hyperglycemia and lower RPE and RQ [17]. Moore et al. [38] administered low and high GI foods 45 min prior to a 40 km cycling trial and found a significantly improved performance following

the LGI trial. Higher glucose levels at the end with no differences in carbohydrate and fat oxidation rates were noted between the two trials. In the study of Little et al. [37], improved performance also appeared following the consumption of LGI and HGI foods (1.3 g. kg-1 of body weight) after the end of a simulated soccer game [37]. Finally, consumption of HGI food (1.0 g. kg-1 of body weight) resulted in a 12.8% increase in time to exhaustion compared to a placebo trial [20]. Discrepancies seen in the results reported by the aforementioned studies may be attributed to differences in meals’ time of ingestion, amounts of foods (per kilogram of body weight) or methods of assessment of exercise performance. In order to provide the same hydration status prior to each exercise trial subjects ingested the same amount of water (300 ml). However, the subjects during the GI trials ingested more volume (300 ml + GI meal) as compared to the control trial (300 ml).