However, given that the vast majority of smokers smoke within a few days of their quit date (Hughes, Keely, and Naud, 2004), it might be particularly important to have a measure that can identify Carfilzomib those at risk for relapse early in their attempt to quit. Also, it is possible that the analyses of predictive bias could have been nonsignificant due to low power. However, the effect size estimates conducted for these analyses indicated that the current sample size could detect moderate effects, and the confidence intervals of the resulting analyses are relatively narrow, indicating reasonable precision of effect estimates. Finally, the current study is the first, to our knowledge, to identify the WSWS as an acceptable instrument for assessing the smoking withdrawal syndrome across racial/ethnic groups, but further research in this area is needed.
Funding National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01 DA014818); National Cancer Institute (K07 CA121037, a CURE Minority Supplement to R25 CA57730); National Institutes of Health through The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center’s Cancer Center Support Grant (CA016672). Declaration of Interests The authors declare that except for income received from the primary employer, no financial support or compensation has been received from any individual or corporate entity over the past 3 years for research or professional service, and there are not personal financial holdings that could be perceived as constituting a potential conflict of interest, except in the case of Dr Cinciripini.
Dr Cinciripini has served on the scientific advisory board of Pfizer Pharmaceuticals and has conducted educational talks sponsored by Pfizer on smoking cessation for physicians. Acknowledgments We would like to acknowledge the research staff at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center who assisted with implementation of the original project. Contributors: Y. Castro is lead author and conceptualized the research question, conducted the data analysis, interpreted the results, and drafted the manuscript. D. Wetter conceptualized the research question, interpreted the results, reviewed and edited manuscript drafts, and is the principal investigator on the grant supporting AV-951 the original research. D. Kendzor, M. Businelle, C. Mazas, L. Cofta-Woerpel, and P. Cinciripini helped with the conceptualization and methodology of the paper and reviewed and edited manuscript drafts. C. Mazas, L. Cofta-Woerpel, and P. Cinciripini helped with the conceptualization and methodology of the original research project and assisted with data collection and study procedures. Human Participant Protection: This study was approved by The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Institutional Review Board.