Firesensorsock is a special protection dedicated to the thermal insulation of the sensors that leave intact their ability to sense thermal data. Thus, the objective of this work the site is to have a wireless sensor network that is able to resist being burnt. The sensors will continue transmitting data flow to the final user. Results show a significant change of the temperature and humidity inside the protection, which determines the presence of a fire. Besides, the authors point out that a WSN protected with Firesensorsock is capable of sensing thermal data in the open air. They are able to detect a fire and track the fire spread during its spatial and temporal evolution.Nowadays, wireless sensor networks are widely used to monitor and to detect a fire, and there is a fair amount of literature on it.

An example is the FireBug system. In [8], the authors present a system based o
Underwater Wireless Communication Networks (UWCNs) are formed by sensors and Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) interacting together to perform specific underwater applications such as collaborative Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries monitoring or surveillance [1]. Communication quality in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) is very challenging due to the harsh characteristics of the underwater channel, such as high and variable propagation delays, limited bandwidth, high bit error rates, multipath phenomena and multipath fading [1]. In the extreme case, the spatially-variant underwater channel can cause the formation of shadow zones, which are time-variant areas where there is little signal propagation energy due to the refraction of signals by the sound speed fluctuation [2].

When the sound speed has a negative gradient just beneath the surface [3], a shadow zone is formed because Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries the acoustic rays are refracted downward. Refraction produces shadow zones that sound waves do not penetrate because of their curvature. The sea bottom can produce a shadow zone as well, when the rays are refracted upward. Shadow zones [3] can also appear beneath the mixed layer for a source located near the ocean surface because the acoustic energy is trapped in the surface duct (see Figure 1). The shadow zone is usually bounded by the lower boundary of the surface Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries duct and the limiting ray. Shadow zones can also appear between convergence zones. If the source is located at the same depth of the underwater sound channel axis, the Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries shadow zone will disappear [4].

We distinguish between shallow (depth up to 100 m) and deep water. In shallow water (order of 100 meters depth) and at ranges of 3 kms shadow zones appear [2]. In deep water (order of 1,000s of meters depth) and at ranges of Batimastat 10s of kms shadow zones are formed [2].Figure 1.Shadow selleck catalog zone formation beneath the mixed layer when sound velocity monotically decreases with depth.Shadow zones cause high bit error rates, losses of connectivity and dramatically impact communications performance.