Recurring episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, potentially including chest tightness or cough, in the presence of airway hyperresponsiveness and variable airflow limitation, are hallmark symptoms of the chronic inflammatory disease of the airways known as bronchial asthma, characterized by diverse cellular components. Asthma's impact is felt by 358 million people worldwide, and the economic losses are significant. In spite of that, a cohort of patients remains resistant to presently available drugs, which frequently come with an assortment of adverse reactions. Therefore, a priority must be placed on the invention of fresh asthma treatments.
Publications concerning biologics and asthma, published between 2000 and 2022, were sourced from the Web of Science Core Collection. The search strategies were as follows topic TS=(biologic* OR biologic* product* OR biologic* therap* OR biotherapy* OR biologic* agent* OR Benralizumab OR MEDI-563 OR Fasenra OR BIW-8405 OR Dupilumab OR SAR231893 OR SAR-231893 OR Dupixent OR REGN668 OR REGN-668 OR Mepolizumab OR Bosatria OR SB-240563 OR SB240563 OR Nucala OR Omalizumab OR Xolair OR Reslizumab OR SCH-55700 OR SCH55700 OR CEP-38072 OR CEP38072 OR Cinqair OR DCP-835 OR DCP835 OR Tezspire OR tezepelumab-ekko OR AMG-157 OR tezspire OR MEDI-9929 OR MEDI-19929 OR MEDI9929 OR Itepekimab OR REGN-3500OR REGN3500 OR SAR-440340OR SAR440340 OR Tralokinumab OR CAT-354 OR Anrukinzumab OR IMA-638 OR Lebrikizumab OR RO-5490255OR RG-3637OR TNX-650OR MILR1444AOR MILR-1444AORPRO301444OR PRO-301444OR Pitrakinra OR altrakincept OR AMG-317ORAMG317 OR Etokimab OR Pascolizumab OR IMA-026OR Enokizumab OR MEDI-528OR 7F3COM-2H2 OR 7F3COM2H2 OR Brodalumab OR KHK-4827 OR KHK4827OR AMG-827OR Siliq OR Ligelizumab OR QGE-031 OR QGE031 OR Quilizumab OR Talizumab OR TNX-901 OR TNX901 OR Infliximab OR Etanercept OR PRS-060) AND TS=asthma*. Articles and review articles were set as the document type, along with the English language restriction. Analysis was performed using three different tools, including an online platform and VOS viewer16.18. In order to execute this bibliometric study, CiteSpace V 61.R1 software was used.
Examined in this bibliometric study were 1267 English-language articles, appearing in 244 journals, from 2012 institutions across 69 countries and regions. Omalizumab, benralizumab, mepolizumab, and tezepelumab, their relevance to asthma, became prominent research interests.
This study provides a methodical and thorough summary of the existing literature, painting a complete picture of biologic asthma treatment approaches from the last 20 years. Our consultation with scholars on the bibliometric aspects of key information in this field is intended to greatly benefit future research efforts.
Over the last two decades, this study methodically compiles and examines the literature, revealing a holistic overview of biologic treatments for asthma. In order to better understand the core information within this field, from the viewpoint of bibliometrics, we engaged with scholars, believing this will powerfully support future research endeavors.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disease, is recognized by the presence of synovial inflammation, the development of pannus, and the subsequent degradation of bone and cartilage. Disability is prevalent, leading to a high disability rate. The microenvironment within rheumatoid arthritis joints, characterized by hypoxia, results in reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and mitochondrial impairment. This detrimentally affects the metabolic function of immune cells and the structure of fibroblastic synovial cells, whilst simultaneously stimulating the expression of inflammatory pathways, thereby driving inflammation. ROS and mitochondrial damage are intimately associated with the acceleration of rheumatoid arthritis progression through their impacts on angiogenesis and bone destruction. Our review focused on how ROS accumulation and mitochondrial damage contribute to the inflammatory cascade, angiogenesis, and damage to bone and cartilage in RA. Additionally, we have categorized treatments that target reactive oxygen species (ROS) or mitochondrial function to reduce rheumatoid arthritis (RA) symptoms, followed by a critical analysis of the existing research deficiencies and controversies. We aspire to inspire new research avenues and offer guidance for the development of targeted pharmaceutical interventions for RA.

Global stability and human health are under constant strain from viral infectious diseases. To combat these viral infectious diseases, a range of vaccine platforms have been developed, encompassing DNA vaccines, mRNA vaccines, recombinant viral vector vaccines, and virus-like particle vaccines. click here Present, licensed, and effective vaccines, virus-like particles (VLPs), are considered real and successful against prevalent and emerging diseases because of their non-infectious nature, structural similarity with viruses, and high immunogenicity. click here Despite this, only a select few VLP-based vaccines have found their way to the market, the rest continuing their journey through the clinical or preclinical trial phases. Remarkably, although initial preclinical testing was successful, numerous vaccines continue to encounter obstacles in basic small-scale research, stemming from technical difficulties. Commercial-scale production of VLP-based vaccines hinges upon a suitable production platform and scalable cultivation techniques, accompanied by meticulous parameter optimization regarding transduction, comprehensive upstream and downstream processing, and rigorous quality control at each stage of production. This article concentrates on the merits and demerits of different VLP production approaches, recent technological progress and challenges in VLP manufacturing, and the current status of VLP vaccine candidates at commercial, preclinical, and clinical stages of development.

Advancing the field of novel immunotherapies hinges on the availability of refined preclinical research instruments to provide a comprehensive assessment of drug targets, biodistribution, safety, and efficacy characteristics. Light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) allows for exceptionally swift and high-resolution volumetric imaging of large, ex vivo tissue samples. However, until now, tissue processing procedures that are painstaking and lack standardization have hampered the rate of production and wider applicability in the realm of immunological investigation. Therefore, a straightforward and synchronized protocol was formulated for the processing, clearing, and imaging of all mouse organs, including whole mouse bodies. Thanks to the application of the Rapid Optical Clearing Kit for Enhanced Tissue Scanning (ROCKETS) in conjunction with LSFM, we were able to comprehensively study the 3D in vivo biodistribution of an antibody targeting Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM). Quantitative, high-resolution scans of whole organs did not merely validate established EpCAM expression patterns, but, significantly, also identified several novel regions where EpCAM binds. High EpCAM expression was unexpectedly found in previously unanticipated locations, including gustatory papillae of the tongue, choroid plexi in the brain, and duodenal papillae. We then confirmed the high levels of EpCAM expression in human tongue and duodenal tissue samples. Their roles in producing cerebrospinal fluid, respectively the release of bile and pancreatic digestive enzymes into the small intestine, make choroid plexi and duodenal papillae notably sensitive sites. The recent acquisition of these insights appears remarkably relevant to applying EpCAM-focused immunotherapies in clinical settings. In this regard, rockets and LSFM together may be instrumental in defining new standards for the preclinical evaluation of immunotherapeutic regimens. Finally, our argument points to ROCKETS as the ideal platform for the wider adoption of LSFM in immunological studies, specifically for accurate quantitative co-localization studies of immunotherapeutic drugs with defined cell populations within the micro-anatomical setting of organs, or even in the context of entire mice.

The effectiveness of immunity gained from SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to vaccination with the original virus in mitigating severe disease caused by emerging viral variants remains an unresolved issue, impacting the future direction of vaccine design. The assessment of immune protection relies on viral neutralization as the gold standard, but substantial studies examining Omicron variant neutralization in sera from individuals infected with wild-type viruses are limited.
Evaluating the magnitude of neutralizing antibody responses generated by both wild-type SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, with a focus on their effectiveness against the Delta and Omicron variants. Clinical data, specifically infection/vaccination dates and antibody status, can be used to ascertain the potential for neutralizing variant strains.
We scrutinized a longitudinal cohort of 653 individuals, with serum samples collected three times at intervals of 3 to 6 months, spanning from April 2020 to June 2021. To categorize individuals, their SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination status were examined. Antibodies to spike and nucleocapsid proteins were identified.
Medical professionals often utilize the ADVIA Centaur platform.
Siemens, in tandem with Elecsys.
Roche's assays, individually and in order. Healgen Scientific, diligently pursuing scientific breakthroughs.
Employing a lateral flow assay, IgG and IgM spike antibody responses were quantified. Utilizing HEK-293T cells engineered with the human ACE2 receptor, pseudoviral neutralization assays were conducted on all samples using SARS-CoV-2 spike protein pseudotyped lentiviral particles to analyze wild-type (WT), B.1617.2 (Delta), and B.11.529 (Omicron) variants.
Vaccination administered post-infection consistently resulted in the highest neutralization titers at all time points, encompassing all variants. Prior infection, compared to vaccination alone, resulted in a more enduring neutralization effect. click here The efficacy of spike antibody clinical testing in predicting neutralization was evident for both wild-type and Delta viral strains. Among various independent predictors, the presence of nucleocapsid antibodies displayed the best predictive ability for Omicron neutralization. Neutralization of the Omicron variant exhibited lower levels compared to both wild-type and Delta virus neutralization across all groups and time points, demonstrating activity predominantly in patients who were initially infected and later received immunization.
Subjects who experienced both infection and vaccination with the wild-type virus demonstrated the strongest neutralizing antibody response across all variants, characterized by persistent activity. Neutralization of WT and Delta viruses showed a link to antibody levels against wild-type and Delta variant spike proteins; however, Omicron neutralization was more strongly correlated with prior infection. These datasets shed light on the phenomenon of 'breakthrough' Omicron infections among previously vaccinated individuals, and imply a higher degree of protection in those concurrently vaccinated and previously infected. The results of this study underscore the feasibility of subsequent SARS-CoV-2 vaccines designed to target the Omicron variant.
Individuals concurrently infected and vaccinated with a wild-type virus exhibited the highest neutralizing antibody levels across all variants, with sustained activity.