4 %) were male. At baseline, the median age was 73 years; the median years of education was 6 years; the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia was 26.1, 58.2 and 57.9 %, respectively; the mean GDS score was 3.1 (standard deviation [SD] 3.2); the mean MMSE score was 20.6 (SD 5.4); and the mean MoCA score was 20.9 (SD 5.0). The mean
WMH in the pure AD group was 1.8 (SD 3) and that for AD + svCVD was 8.1 (SD 3.4). Table 1 summarizes the baseline characteristics by diagnosis group. Compared with patients with mixed AD, patients with pure AD were younger (8 years, p = 0.001), had more years of education (3 years, p = 0.019), and had a lower prevalence of hypertension (27.1, p = 0.011). Table 1 KPT-330 supplier Demographic, baseline clinical, and follow-up characteristics Characteristic Mixed AD (AD + svCVD) [137 (83 %)] Pure AD [28 (17 %)] p value Demographics Age (years) Mean (SD) 73.4 (8.00) 67.2 (8.83) 0.0014a Median (min, max) 74.0 (54, 91)
66.0 (46, 80) 0.0013b Male, n (%) 54 (39.4) 16 (57.1) 0.0960c Race, n (%) Chinese 119 (86.9) 21 (75.0) 0.1449c,d Malay 5 (3.6) 2 (7.1) Indian 5 (3.6) 3 (10.7) Others 8 (5.8) 2 (7.1) Years of education Mean (SD) 5.8 (4.69) 8.1 (4.48) 0.0222a Median (min, max) 6.0 (0, 17) 9.0 (0, 16) 0.0191b Baseline clinical characteristics Diabetes mellitus, n JAK inhibitor (%) 37 (27.0) 6 (21.4) 0.6413c Hypertension, n (%) 86 (62.8) 10 (35.7) 0.0112c Hyperlipidemia, n (%) 82 (60.3) 13 (46.4) 0.2093c MMSE (n = 165) Mean (SD) 20.1 (5.43) 23.0 (4.77) 0.0066a C-X-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CXCR-7) Median (min, max) 20.0 (11, 30) 24.5 (12, 29) 0.0106b MoCA (n = 87) Mean (SD) 20.5 (4.98) 22.5 (4.72) 0.1417a Median (min, max) 21.0 (7, 30) 24.0 (12, 30) 0.1207b GDS (n = 68) Mean (SD) 3.2 (3.35) 2.0 (1.73) 0.1082a Median (min, max) 2.0 (0, 15) 2.0 (0, 5) 0.4720b Follow-up characteristics
Duration of follow-up (months) Mean (SD) 31.1 (17.56) 37.0 (19.46) 0.1424a Median (min, max) 28.2 (6, 85) 36.0 (8, 82) 0.1097b Number of assessments/visits Mean (SD) 6.1 (2.59) 7.1 (3.01) 0.1154a Median (min, max) 6.0 (2, 10) 8.0 (2, 10) 0.0836b AD Alzheimer’s disease, GDS Geriatric Depression Scale, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, svCVD small vessel cerebrovascular disease, SD standard deviation a p value based on two-sample t-test with unequal variance b p value based on Wilcoxon rank sum (Kruskal–Wallis) test c p value based on Fisher’s Exact Test d p value calculated using dichotomized variable (Chinese: Yes | No) 3.2 Follow-up Characteristics Patient management (treatment, monitoring, and assessment) was reviewed, and adjusted if necessary, routinely within 4–6 months of the previous clinic visit.