As sel

As selleck chem per the recent MSM size estimation,22 these states comprise 3,042 MSM, of which 1,592 are covered by the program.26 Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Kerala, Puducherry, and

West Bengal (group III), with a population of 204 million, form a loose grouping of states and account for 0.317 million estimated HIV infections.24,25 Transmission in these states appears to be heterosexual. Reasonable mapping and size estimation data for some high-risk groups are present, though with varying comprehensiveness across states, depending on the extent of programming. As per the recent MSM size estimation,22 these states comprise 127,335 MSM, with 90,923 covered by the program.26 The rest of India (group IV), consisting of states adjoining those in the first, second, and third groups, has a combined population of 627.5 million and accounts for 0.654 million estimated HIV infections.24,25 Transmission in these states is most likely heterosexual, although mapping of high-risk groups is probably not comprehensive, as evidenced from the limited extent of HIV programming. As per the recent MSM size estimation,22 these states have 90,803 MSM and 47,607 are covered by the program.26 Results The data presented in this section were compiled from multiple sources. However, the data of the national HSS were used extensively for presenting results on background

characteristics of MSM, HIV prevalence, and sexual risk behaviors, as it has a systematic three rounds of data and it is the only source that has the most recent information. Background characteristics The estimated MSM population showed uneven distribution of its size across different groups of states

in India. The estimates suggest that the number of MSM in group I, III, and IV states was 0.205 million, 0.127 million, and 0.090 million, respectively, whereas the northeastern states in group II were estimated to have only 3,042 MSM. The mean age of MSM across Indian states ranged between 27 and 29 years. The proportion of ever married MSM varied across state groups, ranging between 18%–53% and 24%–56% in group I and III states, respectively, and was 38% in Drug_discovery Uttar Pradesh, the largest northern state of India. The percentage of illiterates among MSM was low, particularly in groups II and III states. The majority of MSM self-identify as either kothi (the receptive partner in oral and anal sex, and typically with effeminate mannerisms) or double-decker (both penetrative and receptive partner in oral and anal sex). The percentage of MSM who self identified as kothi was highest in group II states (84%) and lowest in group IV states (34.1%). Furthermore, in group IV states, two-fifths (40%) of MSM self-identified themselves as panthi (the penetrative partner in oral and anal sex).

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