ACS Nano 2013, 3:2320 CrossRef 20 Chien WC, Lee FM, Lin YY, Lee

ACS Nano 2013, 3:2320.CrossRef 20. Chien WC, Lee FM, Lin YY, Lee MH, Chen SH, Hsieh CC, Lai EK, Hui HH, Huang YK, Yu CC, Chen CF, Lung HL, Hsieh KY, Chih-Yuan L: AZD1480 nmr Multi-layer sidewall WO x resistive memory suitable for 3D ReRAM. Symp on VLSI Technol (VLSIT) 2012, 153–154. 21. Kügeler C, Meier M, Rosezin R, Gilles S, Waser R: High density 3D memory architecture based on the resistive switching effect. Solid State Electron

2009, 53:1287.CrossRef 22. Joblot S, Bar P, Sibuet this website H, Ferrandon C, Reig B, Jan S, Arnaud C, Lamy Y, Coudrain P, Coffy R, Boillon O, Carpentier JF: Copper pillar interconnect capability for mmwave applications in 3D integration technology. Microelectron Eng 2013, 107:72.CrossRef 23. Rahaman SZ, Maikap S, Chen WS, Lee HY, Chen FT, Kao MJ, Tsai MJ: Repeatable unipolar/bipolar resistive memory characteristics and switching mechanism using a Cu nanofilament in a GeO x film. Appl Phys Lett 2012, 101:073106–5.CrossRef Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions This idea is from SM. RP and DJ fabricated the CBRAM devices under the instruction of SM. RP measured all the devices under the instruction

of SM. All authors contributed to the revision www.selleckchem.com/products/obeticholic-acid.html of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background The production, manipulation, and application of nanoscale particles, usually ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers (nm), is an emerging area of science and technology today [1]. Synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles for applications in catalysis, electronics, optics, environmental science, and biotechnology is an area of constant interest [2]. Generally, metal nanoparticles can be prepared and stabilized by physical and chemical methods. Studies have shown that

the size, morphology, stability, and physicochemical properties of the metal nanoparticles are strongly influenced by the experimental conditions, the kinetics of interaction of metal ions with reducing agents, and adsorption processes of stabilizing agent with metal nanoparticles [3]. Chemical approaches, such as chemical reduction, electrochemical techniques, and photochemical reduction, are most widely used [2]. Recently, different solvothermal [4] and hydrothermal [5] approaches are employed for inorganic synthesis of nanoparticles. Chemical Urease reduction is the most frequently applied method for the preparation of silver nanoparticles as stable, colloidal dispersions in water or organic solvents [6]. However, several harmful chemical by-products, metallic aerosol, irradiation, etc. are commonly produced during chemical synthesis processes. These, along with the facts that these processes are expensive, time consuming, and typically done on small laboratory scale, render these methods less suitable for large-scale production [7–9]. The approach for production of nanoparticles therefore should be nontoxic, environmentally harmless, as well as cost effective [1].

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