3��. The results of our 18O and 2H analyses of the apple juices are reported using conventional �� notation selleck chem inhibitor relative to the Vienna-Standard mean Ocean Water (V-SMOW) standard (i.e., ��(��) = [(Rx/RS) ? 1] �� 1000, where Rx is the 18O/16O or 2H/1H isotopic ratio of the water sample and RS is the 18O/16O or 2H/1H isotopic ratio of the V-SMOW standard.The measurements of ��13C from pulp fruit were carried out on an Elemental Analyser (Flash EA1112 HT, Thermo Scientific), coupled with an isotope ratio mass-spectrometer IRMS (Delta V Advantage, Thermo Scientific). For the quality control of our analysis, three working standards were analyzed at the beginning of each sequence, then three replicas from each sample were measured. NBS-22 oil with a certified value of ?30.

03��versus PDB (Pee Dee Belemnite) was used as standard. The limit of uncertainty was ��0.3��for ��13C from pulp and ��18O from juice water and ��3��for ��2H values.2.2. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) Analysis2.2.1. Sample Preparation The majority of ICP-MS applications involve the analysis of aqueous samples, directly or following sample pretreatment, because of the advantages of working with samples in solution. To avoid the clogging of the nebulizer, juice samples were diluted 20 times v/v.In this survey, 2mL of ultrapure nitric acid were added to 2mL of apple juices in a Teflon receptacle, tightly closed. Six such receptacles were inserted in a device made of six stainless steel cylinders mounted between two flanges, to confer pressure resistance. The whole system was put in an oven at 180��C for 12 hours.

A colorless solution resulted, and ultrapure water was added up to 50mL. Thus, the apple juices samples were diluted 1:20 v/v.2.2.2. ICP-MS Measurements All the determinations were carried out by the inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry. A Perkin Elmer ELAN DRC (e) was used with a Meinhard nebulizer and silica cyclonic spray chamber and continuous nebulization.The operating conditions for Perkin Elmer ELAN DRC (e) were nebulizer Gas flow rates: 0.92L/min, auxiliary Gas Flow: 1.2L/min, plasma Gas Flow: 15L/min, lens Voltage: 10.50V, ICP RF Power: 1100W, CeO/Ce = 0.023, Ba++/Ba+ = 0.021.The operating conditions were optimized daily, by using an aqueous solution containing 10��g/L of Ba, Cd, Ce, Cu, In, Mg, Pb, Rh, U (Perkin Elmer ELAN 6100 Setup/Stab/Masscal Solution, 1% HNO3), and monitoring the intensities Batimastat of the isotopes 24Mg, 103Rh, 114In, 208Pb, 138Ba, and 140Ce as well as the intensities at mass 69, 156, and 220 (corresponding to species 138Ba2+, 140Ce16O+, and background, resp.).