The target ionized calcium concentration in the circuit was 0. 3 mmol L, but not routinely Gemcitabine 122111-03-9 monitored since this is almost uniformly achieved with the aforementioned settings. Study protocol At inclusion, demographic variables were recorded such as age, gender and reason of ICU admission. Assessment of disease severity on ICU admission was done according to the Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation II, the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II and the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score. Patients had not yet been on renal replacement therapy previously and in 40 42 patients the first filter run was studied. in two patients a later filter run was studied because of technical reasons. We collected systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria body temperature 38 C.

a heart rate of 90 beats min. a respiratory Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries rate of 20 breaths min or mechanical ventilation. and white blood cell counts of 4. 0 109 L or 12. 0 109 L. When SIRS and an infection were present, patients were classified as having sepsis. Venous blood samples were collected from the hemofiltration catheter from each patient before the initiation of CVVH and administration of heparin. Heparin was given immediately after filter connection. Thereafter, blood samples were collected at 10, 60, 180 and 720 minutes from the pre and post filter pole, or until the filter terminated if occurring within 720 minutes. A time period up to 720 minutes was chosen because we expected clearance of NGAL to occur early after initiation of CVVH before filter saturation occurs.

Prefilter blood was invariably drawn before addition of replacement fluids and thus reported Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries concentrations of NGAL at inlet are not diluted. Leukocytes, platelets and serum creatinine concentrations were measured before initiation of CVVH and routinely thereafter. In all patients, a zero fluid balance was achieved during the time points at which blood Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries samples were drawn. Ultrafiltrate samples were collected from the appropriate ports. Samples were collected in standard Vacutainer tubes with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, benzamidine and soybean trypsin inhibitor added. All samples were centrifuged at 1,300 g for 10 minutes at 4 C and stored at ?80 C until assayed in 2009. Measurements and calculations NGAL concentrations were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. Commercially available Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries antibody duosets were used.

Plasma samples and ultrafiltrate were measured in separate assays with NGAL standards prepared in appropriate matrix solutions, Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries 0. 5 % bovine albumin serum in phosphate buffered saline kinase inhibitor Imatinib or fresh ultrafiltrate. All measurements were done according to the protocols provided by the manufacture. The lower detection limit of NGAL was approximately 30 ng mL. Each sample was run in duplicate and the mean concentration was calculated.